A major challenge for unions in Indonesia, and specifically unions organising workers in Export Processing Zones, is the rampant proliferation of contracted and outsourced labour. According to trade union Lomenik SBSI, there has been a 20 per cent increase in the number of workers now employed precariously since 2005. Lomenik estimates that 70 per cent of the country's workforce is precariously employed, while the federation of metalworkers trade unions FSPMI predicts that in Batam that number is much higher, speculating that 98 per cent of all workers in Batam are hired on contract or outsourced through a labour agency. Download the full article.